SUNDAY IN HELL: PEARL HARBOR MINUTE BY MINUTE
Effective 1 April 2014, Open Road Integrated Media purchased E-Reads and now manages the approximate 1,200 titles E-Reads held, including Sunday in Hell, Pearl Harbor Minute by Minute. |
Photograph Gallery
Photograph Credits Guide
Bill McWilliams Links
Chapter 1 Photos
Chapter 2 Photos
Chapter 3 Photos
Chapter 4 Photos
Chapter 1: The New Totalitarians
The Matson Lines' SS Lurline arrives in San Francisco on 25 January 1933, |
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The Pan American Airways Sikorsky S-42 flies over the towers of the not yet completed Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, departing for Hawaii on its 16 April 1935 survey flight. This flight marked the beginning of Pan American Airways' pioneering expansion across the Pacific. PAAR/UMLSCF |
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The Pan Am Martin M-130 China Clipper over the port of San Francisco. PAAR/UMLSCF |
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American gunboat Panay (PR-5), sinking in the Yangtze River, 12 December 1937. Fifteen Japanese Navy dive bombers, and nine fighters attacked the Panay, causing the deaths of 2 American sailors and an Italian journalist, and wounding 43 more sailors and 5 civilian passengers, 11 officers and men seriously. The attack occurred during Japan's expanding, 'special undeclared war' in China, sparked outrage in the United States, seriously strained Japanese-American relations, and provoked an immediate demand for an apology and reparations. NHHC |
Midshipman Robert Lee Border |
Midshipman Karl Frederick Border |
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Captain (USN) Lee S. Border, USNA Class of 1905 (center), and his two sons, Ensigns Robert L. Border (left) and Karl F. Border, graduation day, 1 June 1939. Borders' Collection |
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The battleship USS Tennessee (BB-43), Underway, 27 September 1939, with roommates Ensigns Bob and Karl Border on Board. USN |
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Pan American Airways Boeing B-314 California Clipper, over San Francisco with Oakland |
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Army Air Force Major General Frederick L. Martin arrived in Honolulu on the US Army Transport Leonard Wood 2 November 1940, to take command of Hawaii-based USAAF units. NPSAM |
Chapter 2: A Diary of Happy Times
Mary Joleen 'Joey' Springer, circa December 1940. Borders' Collection |
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The battleship Arizona (BB-39) at Puget Sound Navy Yard 18 January 1941. Behind Arizona can be seen the foretop (forward mast) and main top (main mast) of the Nevada (BB-36). The two ships were in Puget Sound for maintenance and modernization. Joey had dinner on board Nevada in the junior officers' ward room with Delar V. Van Sand on Thursday evening, 2 January 1941. NPSAM |
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Puget Sound Navy Yard, late 1940. Second set of quarters left of flagpole is Quarters 2A, where the Borders had previously lived. Ships in the harbor include the aircraft carrier Lexington (CV-2) in the foreground, two battleships, and three cruisers. NAPAR |
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In a 1 February 1941 Change of Command ceremony on the forward deck of the battleship Pennsylvania, in Pearl Harbor, Admiral Husband E. Kimmel replaced Admiral James O. Richardson as Commander- in-Chief, Pacific Fleet. NPSAM |
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Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, |
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On 21 February 1941 Army Air Force units on Oahu received their greatest single increase in assigned aircraft when thirty-one P-36's took off in flights of three from the broad deck of the aircraft carrier Enterprise (CV-6) and flew directly to Wheeler Field, adjoining Schofield Barracks. The carrier had sailed from San Diego and launched the fighters from 10-15 miles off the coast of Oahu. The launching of Army fighters from the deck of an aircraft carrier was a historic 'first' in American military aviation. In this photograph a lone US Army Air Force P-36 from Oahu's Wheeler Field, over a sugar cane field. USAF |
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A Curtis SOC Seagull bi-plane is catapulted off a St. Louis class cruiser, 1942-3. Aircraft carriers and battleships received priority ahead of cruisers in modernizing scout aircraft squadrons, |
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Vought OS2U 'Kingfisher' floatplane, of Observation Squadron One (VO-1). Being recovered by Arizona (BB-39), after a flight in the Hawaiian Operating area on the morning of 6 September 1941. The pilot, Ensign Lawrence A. Williams, is holding the belt of his rear- seat man, Radioman 3rd Class G.H. Lane, who is hooking up the aircraft to the ship's crane for recovery. This was the same type aircraft carried by all the battleships assigned to the Pacific Fleet. NA |
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The destroyer Monssen (DD-436) Off the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington, 7 May 1941. Joey Springer attended the destroyer's commissioning on 14 March 1941, and ate dinner aboard her that evening. Monssen"s skipper, Commander Roland N. Smoot, was a friend of Joey's father; Commander Smoot's wife, Sally, was a friend of Joey's mother, and was Joey's bridesmaid at Bob and Joey's wedding, while standing in for Joey's father to give her away. NHHC |
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Mary Joleen 'Joey' Springer in her wedding gown prior to the ceremony, 15 July |
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Mary Joleen 'Joey' Border, Navy wife. 22 July 1941. Borders' Collection. |
Chapter 3: Voyages
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Joey Border took her first ocean voyage on the beautifully appointed Lurline from San Francisco |
Lurline"s Grand Ball Room, with mother-of-pearl inlays and beautiful wood-paneling. MNC |
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Matson Line's typical cabin class dining salon. MNC |
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Lurline first class stateroom. MNC |
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Hawaii. USAF |
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Waikiki Beach, in Honolulu, circa 1940-41. NPSAM |
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Routes of Japanese submarine and carrier strike forces, |
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Japanese Ambassador Kichi Saburo Nomura and special envoy, Saburo Kurusu, |
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Heavy cruiser Pensacola (CA-24) underway at sea, in her pre-World War II paint, September 1935. She was the Task Group 15.5 guide and command ship, underway from Pearl Harbor, 29 November 1941, leading the gunboat Niagra (PG-52), and Convoy 4002, seven heavily loaded ships carrying a National Guard Field Artillery brigade, guns, ammunition, bombs, aircraft, and newly trained pilots bound for Manila, Philippines, to reinforce General MacArthur's United States Army Forces Far East (USAFFE). NHHC |
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The gunboat Niagra (PG-52) entering Pearl Harbor, 31 March 1942. She was |
Chapter 4: Prelude
Aircraft carrier Enterprise (CV-6) en route to Pearl Harbor, 8 October 1939. |
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The three F4F-3 aircraft in this photograph were among the 12 fighters of Marine Fighter Squadron VMF-211 at Mooring Mast Field on Oahu that landed on the carrier Enterprise the morning of 28 November after she departed Pearl Harbor in Task Force 8. The squadron's planes were repainted to wartime colors while en route, and launched from Enterprise the morning of 4 December 1941, from 175 miles north of Wake Island, to reinforce the island's garrison. NHHC |
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Carrier Saratoga (CV-3) launching planes, circa summer 1941, as seen from the rear cockpit |
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Carrier Lexington (CV-2) Leaving San Diego, California, 14 October 1941. Planes parked on her flight deck include F2A-1 fighters (parked forward), SBD scout-bombers (amidships) and TBD-1 torpedo planes (aft). NA |
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Inshore Patrol Area, just outside the Pearl Harbor's entrance. Following war warning messages sent from the Chief of Naval Operations, CinCPac issued instructions mandating no submarines would operate submerged in the area outlined. NPSAM. |
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OAHU AND THE PARENT SUBMARINES. |
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Aerial photo of Pearl Harbor, view to the south, beyond the harbor entrance, October 1941. NA |
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USS Antares (AKS-3). NHHC |
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Minesweeper Condor (AMc-14). NA |
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Destroyers Chew (DD-106) and Ward (DD-139) at Hilo Sugar Docks wearing their pre-World War II paint, The Territory of Hawaii, 22 July 1941. Condor, Antares and Ward participated in identifying one or more Japanese midget submarines outside the entrance to Pearl Harbor the morning of 7 December 1941, prior to the air raid. NHHC |
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A Shot for Posterity -- The USS Ward"s number three gun and its crew-cited for firing the first shot the day of Japan's raid on Hawaii. Operating as part of the inshore patrol early in the morning of December 7, 1941, this destroyer group spotted a submarine outside Pearl Harbor, opened fire and sank her. Crew members are R.H. Knapp - BM2c - Gun Captain, C.W. Fenton - Sea1c - Pointer, R.B. Nolde - Sea1c - Trainer, A.A. De Demagall - Sea1c - No. 1 Loader, D.W. Gruening - Sea1c - No. 2 Loader, J.A. Paick - Sea1c - No. 3 Loader, H.P. Flanagan - Sea1c - No. 4 Loader, E.J. Bakret - GM3c - Gunners Mate, K.C.J. Lasch - Cox - Sightsetter. (quoted from the original 1942-vintage caption) NHHC |
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Japanese fighters, later in the war called Zekes or Zeroes by Americans, warm up their engines |
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Japanese Navy Type 97 (Kate) torpedo bomber on take-off roll from the aircraft carrier deck of either Zuikaku or Shokaku early morning 7 December 1941 |
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Japanese Navy Type 99 (Val) dive bombers prepare to take off from an aircraft carrier |
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Douglas Dauntless SBD-3 scout bombers from the Enterprise (CV-6). Aircraft in the foreground is 6-S-14 from Scout Squadron Six (VS-6), and was flown by Ensign Edward T. Deacon, with Radioman/ Gunner Third Class Audrey G. Coslett in the rear cockpit. Below the tail of 6-S-14 is 6-S-2, flown by Ensign Perry J. Teaff, with Radioman/Gunner Third Class Edgar P. Jinks in the rear cockpit. In this composite photo the Enterprise can be seen below the squadron. NHHC |
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ISLAND OF OAHU, TERRITORY OF HAWAII, 7 DECEMBER 1941. Diagram depicting |
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Two Japanese Navy Type 99, Aichi D3A (Val) dive bombers fly near a U.S. Army 38th Reconnaissance Squadron B-17E (Serial No. 41-2408) that arrived over Oahu from California in the midst of the Japanese air raid. The B-17 was piloted by First Lieutenant Karl T. Barthelmess. Photographed by Staff Sergeant Lee Embree. NA |
Photograph Credits Guide |
IJN - Imperial Japanese Navy
MNC - Matson Navigation Company
NA - National Archives
NAPAR - National Archives Pacific Alaska Region
NAPR - National Archives Pacific Region
NNAM - National Naval Aviation Museum Collection
NPSAM - National Park Service, Arizona Memorial
NPSSFHMML - National Park Service, San Francisco Maritime Museum and National Historical Park Library
NHHC - Naval History and Heritage Command
SFAMC - San Francisco Airport Museum Collection, gift of United Airlines
SFHC - San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library
UDML - University of Detroit Mercy Library, Photographic digital image from the Fr. Edward J. Dowling, S.J. Marine Historical Collection
UHHL - University of Hawaii, Hamilton Library Archives and Special Collections
PAAR/UMLSCF - Pan American World Airways, Inc. Records, Special Collections, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida
USAF - US Air Force
USAFM - US Air Force Museum
USA - US Army
USAMHI - U.S. Army Military History Institute, World War II Signal Corps Photograph Collection
USMASC - USMC Archives and Special Collections, Jordan Collection
USMCHC - US Marine Corps History Center
USN - US Navy
Borders' Collection - Robert Lee and Mary Joleen Border