1. a boundary line established before the area in question is well populated.

2. summary of weather conditions in a place or region over a period of time

3. the scientific study of population

4. a measure of distance north or south of the equator, given in degrees

5. a boundary line based on recognizable physiographic features such as mountains, rivers, or deserts

6. area that displays a distinctive grouping of physical or cultural phenomena or is functionally united as a unit

7. system by which water is continuously circulated through the biosphere

8. the position of a place in relation to other places

9. ratio between actual or ground distance and map distance

10. result of processes that loosen, dissolve, or remove earth and rock material

11. natural landscape as modified by human activities; human imprint on the land

12. living matter, plant and animal, in any form

13. exact position of a place given in latitude and longitude

14. resource that is not replenished or replaced by natural processes

15. map drawn to represent the mental images of an area

16. an independent political unit occupying a defined, permanently populated territory

17. a government agricultural enterprise operated with paid employees

18. a naturally occurring material that is potentially inexhaustible

19. rural to urban migration; the process of city formation

20. measure of distance east or west of the prime meridian, given in degrees

21. hydrocarbon compounds of crude oil, natural gas, or coal

22. temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapor

23. clearing of land through the total removal of forest cover

24. distance beyond which cost and effort play an overriding role

25. numbers of humans supportable by known and utilized resources

26. land that is or can be cultivated

27. area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity

28. totality of learned behaviors and attitudes within a society

29. time required for a population to double in size

30. state of the atmosphere (temperature and precipitation) at a specific time and place

31. graphic depiction of the age and sex of a population

32. a large, sprawling urban complex

33. a state that lacks a seacoast

34. theory that the physical environment molds human behavior

35. area within which a distinctive set of cultural traits develops

36. method of storing and manipulating spatial data using a computer

37. movement of people, or other organisms, from one region to another

38. theory that the lithosphere is divided into plates that slide or drift

39. total assemblage of living organisms in a single major ecological region

40. the cooperative operation of an agricultural enterprise where workers share in the net profits

41. extension of desert-like landscapes as a result of climatic change or human activities

42. regional variation of a widely spoken language

43. introduction of materials that cannot be readily disposed of by the environment

44. a culturally distinct group of people occupying a certain region

45. all moisture, solid and liquid, that falls to the earth's surface from the atmosphere

46. maximum rate at which a renewable resource can be exploited without impairing its ability to renew

47. movement into the inner portions of cities to replace lower-income populations and rehabilitate structures

48. exponential decline of an activity or function with increasing distance from its point of origin

49. a facility designed to burn waste

50. contaminated liquid discharge from a sanitary landfill

Place the number of the correct definition in front of each term.

absolute location activity space antecedent boundary

arable land biomass biome

carrying capacity climate collective farm

critical distance cultural landscape culture

culture hearth deforestation demography

desertification dew point dialect

distance decay doubling time environmental determinism

environmental pollution erosion fossil fuels

gentrification geog. information systems incinerator

landlocked latitude leachate

longitude max. sustainable yield megalopolis

mental map migration nation

natural boundary nonrenewable resource plate tectonics

population pyramid hydrologic cycle precipitation

scale region relative location

renewable resource state state farm

urbanization weather

Name each city and country. (1 point each)

51. 19.28 N, 99.09 W _____________________

52. 31.50 S, 116.10 E _____________________

53. 21.18 N, 157.50 W ____________________

54. 39.55 N, 116.23 E _____________________

55. 55.45 N, 37.37 E ______________________

56. 39.44 N, 104.59 W ____________________

57. 41.52 N, 12.37 E ______________________

58. 35.45 N, 51.30 E ______________________

59. 33.45 N, 84.23 W _____________________

60. 45.31 N, 122.41 W ____________________

Find the latitude and longitude for each city listed below. (1 point each)

61. Paris, France _________________________

62. Brasilia, Brazil ________________________

63. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ___________________

64. Rome, Italy ___________________________

65. Pittsburgh, Kansas ____________________

Completely answer each of the following questions. (3 points each)

66. List the four (4) parts and four (4) properties of all maps.

67. Define precipitation and describe the three (3) ways in which it occurs.

68. Define windward and leeward. Describe how they affect local climate and weather. Draw a diagram.

69. Define and describe three (3) ways to get rid of solid waste.

70. List and define the four (4) geographic characteristics of states.

71. List and define the three (3) subsystems of culture.

72. List and define the three (3) population theses given by Thomas Robert Malthus.

73. Examine the four (4) stages of the demographic transition model (DTM). Draw a diagram.

74. What are population pyramids, and what generalizations can be made from them? List three (3).

75. List and define three (3) barriers to migration.

76. Define push and pull factors. List three (3) examples of each.

77. List and define the four (4) sectors of the economy. Give an example of an occupation in each sector.

78. Explain the difference between command and demand economies. Cite specific examples of where these economies are in place today.

79. Explain and give examples of the differences between the three (3) social areas of cities.

80. List the three (3) major classes of rocks.

Completely answer four (4) of the following essay questions. Use complete sentences. (10 points each)

81. List and define the three (3) branches & five (5) themes of geography. Explain how these terms help to interrelate the many subfields of geography. Cite several examples.

82. More than one half of the world's workers make their living in agriculture. Explain in detail the differences and similarities between subsistence, commercial, extensive, and intensive agriculture. Cite specific regional examples of where these different types of activities are taking place.

83. Today there are more than one billion people in China. Describe how China’s population grew so large, which leaders were mostly responsible, and the measures which have been taken to keep its growth in check.

84. Support and defend these statements with specific examples... "Cities of similar size are not alike in all parts of the United States. They have distinct characteristics based on the regional differences."

85. Using von Thunen’s model as a guide, explain in detail how the price of land and the economic activity on that land changes as the distance away from the central business district increases.