Match each definition with a term listed below.

1. a shallow body of water with an outlet to the ocean

2. Australian name for a hurricane

3. hole drilled deep into the earth to tap into underground water

4. flat, ring-shaped coral island surrounding a lagoon

5. large crack in glacial ice

6. a glacier that extends out over the ocean

7. large, floating expanse of icebergs and ice frozen together

8. point at which the frigid waters around Antarctica and the warmer waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, & Indian oceans meet

9. shrimp-like creatures that provide ample food for whales and fish

10. a term for the many islands of Oceania

11. a term for the black islands of Oceania

12. a term for the small islands of Oceania

13. a jet of heated spring water that shoots up through the earth’s surface

14. a cyclonic storm in the Pacific Ocean that has violent winds and rain

15. the dry, barren central and western plains and plateaus of Australia

ice shelf artesian well geyser eastern time zone

micronesia pack ice baboon lagoon

polynesia sinkhole cyclone subduction zone

melanesia crevasse typhoon convergence zone

krill atoll outfront outback

Choose the best response for each question below.

16. Australia’s physical landscape is dominated by all of the following except:

a. a low mountain range 20 to 200 miles inland from the eastern coast

b. fjords that cut deep into its southern coastline

c. cast expanses of flat land in the interior of the continent

d. very few permanent bodies of water

17. Moisture from the Pacific Ocean is blocked from reaching the interior of Australia by the

a. Great Sandy Desert b. Great Barrier Reef

c. Great Dividing Range d. Great Artesian Basin

18. New Zealand’s North Island is made up of

a. flat expanses of arid and semiarid regions with little vegetation and a small mountain range to the east

b. a central plateau that is dotted with volcanoes and springs and surrounded by rolling hills

c. fertile lowlands and rolling hills that are covered with lush grasslands

d. mountains that are covered with glaciers that drain into the lakes and valleys below

19. The rugged physical geography of both islands of New Zealand results from

a. the violent tropical storms that often hit this region

b. their location over a rift valley in the ocean floor

c. an Antarctic Ice Age that carved the features of both islands

d. their location at a place where two tectonic plates collide

20. European settlers greatly affected the natural vegetation of New Zealand in the 1800s by

a. planting large areas of evergreens not native to the area

b. planting cash crops that robbed the soil of important nutrients

c. digging up vast areas of the island to mine for minerals

d. cutting down huge tracts of forest to clear the land for farms and towns

21. Both the high and low island regions of Oceania

a. were created by the collision of large tectonic plates

b. are made up of coral reefs fringed by sandy beaches

c. lie mostly in the tropics and so are warm all year long

d. are dotted with many urban areas

22. Most of the people in Australia live in

a. cities along the eastern and southeastern coasts

b. the rural regions of the Australian outback

c. urban centers along the west coast

d. trade centers along the Pacific Rim on the northern coast

23. Nearly half of the land in New Zealand is used for

a. large-scale farming and cash crops b. modern industry and trade

c. pasture on which livestock is raised d. mining mineral resources

24. Much of the cultural heritage of Australia and New Zealand can be traced to

a. Great Britain b. Polynesia

c. southern Europe d. Asia

25. Most of the people of the Pacific Islands make their living from

a. tourism b. farming and fishing

c. industry d. ranching and mining

26. Where are most of Australia’s five major cities located?

a. within the Urban Rim region b. in the western part of the continent

c. in the interior of the continent d. along the country’s coasts

27. Which of the following statements about Australia’s Urban Rim is not true?

a. the Urban Rim is sparsely populated because it is one of the hottest and driest regions in the country

b. three of Australia’s major cities- Sydney, Melbourne, & Canberra- lie within this region

c. the Urban Rim is a cup-shaped region in southeastern Australia that extends from the Great Dividing Range to the eastern coast

d. moist winds from the Pacific Ocean and the Tasman Sea bring frequent rains to the Urban Rim, making it an extremely fertile area

28. Which of the following statements explains why Canberra was chosen as the capital of Australia?

a. Canberra, the nation’s largest city, has a magnificent harbor laced with small coves

b. Canberra has a mild climate and gentle terrain

c. Canberra’s location was selected to balance competing political interests in several of Australia’s states

d. Canberra is an important cultural center in Australia and home to the nation’s famous Opera House

29. What is the major economic activity of the Outback?

a. dairy farming and the production of cheese b. mining of the many minerals found in this region

c. ranching of sheep and cattle in this dry region d. forestry, for the valuable woods from Australian timber

30. What is the most important economic activity in the Pacific Islands?

a. mining b. ranching

c. tourism d. farming

31. Which of the following statements does not reflect a way in which cold and ice affect the climate in Antarctica?

a. the ice reflects the sun’s rays, making temperatures colder

b. frigid Antarctic waters mix with warmer ocean waters and cause violent storms

c. the thickness of the ice distorts the earth and makes it pear-shaped

d. the coldness and elevation of the ice cause extreme dryness

Listing.

List the seven (7) Australian states.

32. 36.

33. 37.

34. 38.

35.

List the five (5) major Australian cities.

39. 42.

40. 43.

41.

List the three (3) groups of islands in Oceania.

44.

45.

46.

List and describe the four (4) most interesting things you’ve learned so far in this class.

47.

48.

49.

50.

Answer the following short answer questions.

Give at least three (3) examples of how British influence can be seen in Australia today.

Compare and contrast the two (2) different islands of New Zealand.

Describe the population distribution in Australia.

Distinguish between the three (3) groups of islands in Oceania.

Analyze why British prisoners were sent to Australia.